Pronominal verbs in Spanish are verbs that are always accompanied by a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se). These pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. Pronominal verbs can express different meanings, such as reflexive actions, reciprocal actions, or changes in the subject's state or behavior.
Types of Pronominal Verbs
1. Reflexive Verbs
Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject performs an action on itself.
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| lavarse |
| English Example |
2. Reciprocal Verbs
Reciprocal verbs express an action that two or more subjects do to each other.
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| abrazarse |
| English Example |
3. Verbs Reflecting a Change in State or Behavior
Some pronominal verbs indicate a change in the subject's state, condition, or behavior.
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| aburrirse |
| English Example |
Examples
Reflexive
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| Me baño todos los días. |
| English Example |
Reciprocal
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| Nos saludamos en la mañana. |
| English Example |
Change of State
| Spanish Example |
|---|
| Me siento cansado. |
| English Example |
Usage Notes
- Not all verbs can be used pronominally.
- Some verbs have different meanings when used as pronominal verbs.
- The reflexive pronoun must agree with the subject in person and number.
Conclusion
Pronominal verbs are an important part of Spanish grammar that allow speakers to express reflexive actions, reciprocal actions, and changes in state or behavior.
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Last updated: Thu Jul 17, 2025