Periphrastic Constructions

• Anauxiliary verb(liketener,ir,estar,haber)
• Amain verbin a non-finite form (infinitive, gerund, or past participle)

• Tense(when something happens)
• Aspect(the nature or flow of the action)
• Mood(attitude toward the action)
• Voice(active vs. passive)

Key Periphrastic Constructions

1. Ir + a + Infinitivo (Near Future)

• Expresses an action that is going to happen soon.
• Equivalent to English"going to ".

2. Tener que + Infinitivo (Obligation)

• Expresses necessity or obligation.
• Equivalent to English"have to ".

3. Deber + Infinitivo (Duty / Probability)

• Expresses a moral duty or strong recommendation.
• Can also express probability or conjecture.

4. Estar + Gerundio (Present Progressive)

• Expresses an action in progress.
• Equivalent to English" …-ing".

5. Seguir / Continuar + Gerundio (Continue Doing)

• Expresses the continuation of an action.

6. Acabar de + Infinitivo (Just Did)

• Expresses a recently completed action.
• Equivalent to English"have just ".

7. Volver a + Infinitivo (Do Again)

• Expresses the repetition of an action.

8. Dejar de + Infinitivo (Stop Doing)

• Expresses the cessation of an action.

9. Haber + Past Participle (Perfect Tenses)

• Expresses completed actions with relevance to the present (present perfect) or to a past point in time (past perfect).

10. Ser + Past Participle (Passive Voice)

• Expresses the passive voice (focus on the action or result rather than who did it).

Summary

• Future plans (ir a …)
• Obligations (tener que …,deber …)
• Ongoing actions (estar …-ando/iendo)
• Recent actions (acabar de …)
• Repeated or stopped actions (volver a …,dejar de …)
• Completed actions and passive voice (haber …,ser …)